• Kahikatea
• Puawhananga - Clematis
• Pukatea

• Puriri
• Rimu
• Tataramoa - Bush Lawyer

• Tī Kōuka - Cabbage Tree
• Titoki
• Tutu
• Lancewood

Kahikatea are plentiful around the farm.  Their seedlings can be found in great numbers under any of the Puriri trees, the seeds having been previously eaten and then excreted by birds.
The berries appear in autumn, in some seasons brightly colouring the trees, so that they suddenly stand out from the surrounding bush.
The bark of young trees is horizontally banded as shown below.

There is a stand of Kahikatea in a swampy area near one of the streams on the farm, where the trees grow extremely close together.  There are also a couple of more mature clumps of the trees in drier places, where the cattle happily gather for shelter.  Unlike many other native species, the trees seem unaffected by the proximity of the livestock, the foliage only being lightly grazed by the cattle from below.

There are a number of Pukatea on and around the farm, their foliage stands out boldly when one becomes familiar with it.  This one grows entwined with a Totara, as can be seen in the middle photograph, the Pukatea trunk on the left.

The most notable tree on the farm is the Puriri.  They stand both alone in paddocks, where presumably they were left because the wood is so hard to work, that it was never milled, and in stands of bush anywhere such areas remain.

The photograph on the left above, shows the canopy of about four trees together in a clump on a river-bank.  Mature Puriri can host dozens of other plants, mostly Kahakaha (perching lily) but also Rata, Puka and any number of smaller epiphytes.

Tī Kōuka grow from seed all over the place, but only survive in places where the cattle and sheep cannot get to them.

There has been some concern over the last few years about the widespread deaths of these trees, but ours mostly seem very healthy.

I originally thought this tree was Towai, which grow all around the farm, particularly along the river banks.  This tree's trunk leans at an alarming angle, but it seems quite healthy, with its striking new foliage in early spring (this picture taken in early September 2003).

The area pictured was fenced off from stock access in 2001.

During 2010 I began to discover Titoki around the farm, mature trees I'd not noticed before, often amongst Puriri.  I have still not seen any of them with their characteristic red seed capsules.  My trees books describe Titoki as a small tree up to 10m tall, but several of ours are larger than that.  They are very handsome trees.

Tutu is a very untidy-looking plant, but has beautiful leaves.  It grows everywhere in our area, appearing along the riverbanks where we know it wasn't previously growing - I presume pieces of it wash down from the bush upstream and take root.  We remove it when we find it, since it is poisonous and will kill cattle (although I have seen cows eat bits of it and not die, so I suspect they have to eat quite a bit, or perhaps it is more poisonous at some times of the year than at others).
There is a fairly old Tutu tree on one of the riverbanks where the cattle must occasionally pass, so we have pruned it to ensure the foliage is above their reach.

This mass of Tutu is growing on the side of the road in the Mangamuka Gorge where it appears in abundance.

We have been delighted to find more and more Lancewood trees growing around the farm, from tiny seedlings underneath other trees on the riverbanks, to very tall mature trees in stands of mature bush.
This trunk, at left, belongs to a tree we've walked around for some years until on one day after some strong winds, I noticed Lancewood leaves on the ground and looked up through the leaves of the other trees to the Lancewood canopy above them.  We have now noted another two mature trees in the immediate vicinity.